However, unlike the mRNA vaccines, the inactivated virus vaccines did not appear to trigger cytotoxic CD8 T cells known for their ability to kill virus-infected cells. It also effectively tolerates the mutations characterising the Omicron lineage," said Ms Joey Lim Ming Er, first author of the study and a second-year student PhD with the Integrated Biology and Medicine PhD track at Duke-NUS. "This combination of membrane, nucleoprotein and spike-specific T-cell response is quantitatively comparable to the sole spike T-cell response induced by the mRNA vaccine. While mRNA vaccines can only induce T cells targeting SARS-CoV-2's spike protein, which contains numerous mutations in the Omicron variant, the inactivated vaccines stimulated a broad T-cell response not only against the virus's spike protein, but also the membrane and nucleoprotein that has much fewer mutations in Omicron. The research team compared the T-cell immune response in blood samples from people who received inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and spike mRNA vaccines. "This means that they might not have been as good at preventing infection, but several studies have shown that they are highly capable of thwarting the development of severe COVID-19." "Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were used extensively in Asia, but are often considered inferior due to their induction of a lower antibody response compared to other types of vaccines," said Dr Anthony Tanoto Tan, Senior Research Fellow with the Duke-NUS' Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Programme and a senior co-author of the study.
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